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related to vascular dysfunction, lipid metabolism project aims to conduct a series of studies based on
and inflammation: Adiponectin/Acrp30, P-Selectin, various MRI modern techniques that can provide vo-
ICAM-1, IL-6, MMP-9, Serpin E1/PAI-1, TNF-alpha, lumetric quantitative indexes of the morphological
VCAM-1, CCL2/MCP-1, IL-1 beta, CXCL8/IL-8, E-Se- changes.
lectin, MMP-3, and CRP. The usefulness of these bio-
markers is complementary with the information In this regard VBM (voxel-based morphometry tech-
derived from the study of genetic risk markers alre- niques), based on creating statistical comparisons of
ady mentioned and can define risk factors already gray and white matter patterns are the method of
revealed in previous studies. choice in research. The discriminatory power of vo-
lumetry in degenerative pathologies such as Alzhei-
Samples collected and processed to date are sum- mer's disease (volumetric reduction in amygdala,
marized in the table below: hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, etc.) decreases if
age-dependent morphological changes are not
First visit 1.169 well established in control samples, so that it is critical
Second visit 767 to have large, well quantified samples.
Third visit 755
Fourth visit 699 • Structural Study (3D volumetry, T2 and FLAIR)
Fifth visit 618 Determining the progressive loss of brain
Sixth visit 249 volume during aging, especially in white
Total matter provides volumetric quantitative
3.723 indexes of the morphological aging-
associated changes. In this sense, the VBM
4.3.7.Neuroimaging Studies (Voxel-Based Morphometry) techniques,
based on creating statistical comparisons of
Knowing the morphological variations occurring in gray and white matter patterns constitute the
brain structure throughout life is essential to assess method of choice, and allows us to
the corresponding pathological changes that occur determine the volume reduction of the
in neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, neu- amygdala, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex,
roimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance etc.técnicas de VBM, basadas en la creación
imaging (MRI) have led to significant progress in un- de comparaciones estadísticas de patrones
derstanding brain changes associated with age. de sustancia gris y blanca, son el método de
elección y nos permiten determinar la
MRI is a noninvasive tool that allows the study of nor- reducción volumétrica de la amígdala,
mal aging individuals at different moments of his life. hipocampo, corteza entorrinal, etc.
However, conventional MRI techniques are unable
to detect and quantify age-dependent microstruc- • Diffusion Study (b: 800)
tural changes who have been described in post- White matter, partly due to Wallerian
mortem studies of brain tissue. Accordingly, the degeneration and partly to reduced
connectivity by decreased cortical activity,
presents ultrastructural changes that can be
detected with diffusion techniques (DTI).
• Brain Perfusion Study
Cerebral perfusion related to cortical activity
may be assessed -without needing to inject
CIEN Foundation Annual Report 2017 / 96
